In the Netherlands the idea of the UBI is being widely discussed, and I see in the Guardian that the Canadian province of Ontario is just about to launch another experimental programme. Along the way, the myth of the ‘undeserving poor’ is effectively demolished, and the iniquities of our current welfare model (as exemplified in the UK system of disability benefit assessments) are laid bare.
He pays particular attention to controlled experiments, and the evidence for the positive results of nearly all of them is convincing. He devotes much of the book to describing various historical attempts to put such a system in place, from the Speenhamland system, named after an English village where this form of poor relief was introduced in the early 19th century, via several small-scale experiments in North America, to Richard Nixon’s Family Assistance Plan, launched to Congress in 1970 but rescinded at the last minute because of sabotage by certain right-wing advisers. Bregman’s aim is not to predict the future, but, ‘to fling open the windows of our minds’, by positing an alternative model to the ruthless capitalism and materialism of today.Ĭentral to his vision is the introduction of a Universal Basic Income (UBI), combined with a shorter working week. Inequality has reached preposterous levels those in work are often stressed and lack a sense of purpose relative poverty and unemployment remain stubbornly persistent and the shadow of increasing automation looms over us, threatening a huge number of jobs across the economy. Our life expectancy, health, and wealth are unprecedented in human history, and yet there is a great malaise at large. The author begins by characterising current developed economies as lands of plenty, akin to the legendary Cockaigne of medieval imagination, in which hunger, pestilence, and destitution have been to all intents and purposes abolished. The translation by Elizabeth Manton is easy to read, and maintains what I assume to be the sharp and witty style of the original. Bregman is described as ‘one of Europe’s most prominent young thinkers’, and this book became a bestseller in his native Netherlands when first published in 2014. Some might say that the title of this book has an oxymoronic quality: can a realist believe that a Utopia is achievable? By the end of the argument I remained uncertain, but there is no doubting the author’s command of his evidence or his degree of commitment to his cause.
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